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Using this method, I've never toasted a thing:http://img176.imageshack.us/img176/8501/protectionrj3.pngF1 is a PTC polyfuse. Generally rated 2x above my max planified current.D1 is a Zener, with breakdown voltage a bit below the absolute maximum rating of the weakest partD2 is a Schotky with the lowest possible VForward. I'm usually using Toshiba CMS01 with 0.3V forward.Now, the explanation: Let's say you plug the thing straight: the PTC won't trigger and do not dissipate much heat.If the circuit short, or a big undesired current draw happens: F1 will climb it's resistance value and contain the problem.If someone plugs the thing backward: D2 will let the current flow, and F1 will activate to lower the max current flowing trough the loop. Since D2 has a VF of 0.3V, the circuitry will have to resist to -0.3V, and most of today's chip does.Then, if overvoltage happens, D1 will clamp the voltage to an acceptable value, and if it stays that way for too long, F1 will activate too.Complete protection that won't cost you too much of your precious power input.