El problema creo que está en que algunos ven que Arduino empieza en el nivel 0 y dicen: "esto es SÓLO para principiantes"
Pero Arduino comienza en el nivel 0 y termina en el nivel 10
El desarrollo a medida de PIC comienza en un nivel alto y por eso parece más complejo que Arduino, pero no llega más alto de lo que puede llegar un desarrollo basado en Arduíno.
Esa es la idea que quería transmitir. Arduino no es simple. Comienza en un nivel simple, pero se puede complicar hasta dónde quieras.
Si tu ves a alguien tumbado en la playa, no se te ocurre decir que ese señor "es bajo".
Ese señor "está bajo" pero no es bajo, si se levanta puede ser más alto que tú.
Arduino se vende "tumbado" para que parezca bajo y no asuste. Pero si lo levantas, es tan alto o más que cualquier placa basada en PIC18.
No confundamos ser con estar.
Saludos.
PD. Para muestra un botón.
Librería de manejo de displays TFT. Viene de forma estandar en el entorno Arduino para que el que quiera realice las modificaciones que desee.
Esto es una diferencia con respecto a CCS u otros compiladores, con librerias cerradas. En Arduino las librerías son abiertas para que puedas modificarlas.
Eso no significa que las librerías sean sencillas:
/******************************************************************
This is the core graphics library for all our displays, providing
basic graphics primitives (points, lines, circles, etc.). It needs
to be paired with a hardware-specific library for each display
device we carry (handling the lower-level functions).
Adafruit invests time and resources providing this open
source code, please support Adafruit and open-source hardware
by purchasing products from Adafruit!
Written by Limor Fried/Ladyada for Adafruit Industries.
BSD license, check license.txt for more information.
All text above must be included in any redistribution.
******************************************************************/
#include "Adafruit_GFX.h"
#include "glcdfont.c"
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
void Adafruit_GFX::constructor(int16_t w, int16_t h) {
_width = WIDTH = w;
_height = HEIGHT = h;
rotation = 0;
cursor_y = cursor_x = 0;
textsize = 1;
textcolor = textbgcolor = 0xFFFF;
wrap = true;
strokeColor = 0;
useStroke = true;
fillColor = 0;
useFill = false;
}
// draw a circle outline
void Adafruit_GFX::drawCircle(int16_t x0, int16_t y0, int16_t r,
uint16_t color) {
int16_t f = 1 - r;
int16_t ddF_x = 1;
int16_t ddF_y = -2 * r;
int16_t x = 0;
int16_t y = r;
drawPixel(x0, y0+r, color);
drawPixel(x0, y0-r, color);
drawPixel(x0+r, y0, color);
drawPixel(x0-r, y0, color);
while (x<y) {
if (f >= 0) {
y--;
ddF_y += 2;
f += ddF_y;
}
x++;
ddF_x += 2;
f += ddF_x;
drawPixel(x0 + x, y0 + y, color);
drawPixel(x0 - x, y0 + y, color);
drawPixel(x0 + x, y0 - y, color);
drawPixel(x0 - x, y0 - y, color);
drawPixel(x0 + y, y0 + x, color);
drawPixel(x0 - y, y0 + x, color);
drawPixel(x0 + y, y0 - x, color);
drawPixel(x0 - y, y0 - x, color);
}
}
void Adafruit_GFX::drawCircleHelper( int16_t x0, int16_t y0,
int16_t r, uint8_t cornername, uint16_t color) {
int16_t f = 1 - r;
int16_t ddF_x = 1;
int16_t ddF_y = -2 * r;
int16_t x = 0;
int16_t y = r;
while (x<y) {
if (f >= 0) {
y--;
ddF_y += 2;
f += ddF_y;
}
x++;
ddF_x += 2;
f += ddF_x;
if (cornername & 0x4) {
drawPixel(x0 + x, y0 + y, color);
drawPixel(x0 + y, y0 + x, color);
}
if (cornername & 0x2) {
drawPixel(x0 + x, y0 - y, color);
drawPixel(x0 + y, y0 - x, color);
}
if (cornername & 0x8) {
drawPixel(x0 - y, y0 + x, color);
drawPixel(x0 - x, y0 + y, color);
}
if (cornername & 0x1) {
drawPixel(x0 - y, y0 - x, color);
drawPixel(x0 - x, y0 - y, color);
}
}
}
void Adafruit_GFX::fillCircle(int16_t x0, int16_t y0, int16_t r,
uint16_t color) {
drawFastVLine(x0, y0-r, 2*r+1, color);
fillCircleHelper(x0, y0, r, 3, 0, color);
}
// used to do circles and roundrects!
void Adafruit_GFX::fillCircleHelper(int16_t x0, int16_t y0, int16_t r,
uint8_t cornername, int16_t delta, uint16_t color) {
int16_t f = 1 - r;
int16_t ddF_x = 1;
int16_t ddF_y = -2 * r;
int16_t x = 0;
int16_t y = r;
while (x<y) {
if (f >= 0) {
y--;
ddF_y += 2;
f += ddF_y;
}
x++;
ddF_x += 2;
f += ddF_x;
if (cornername & 0x1) {
drawFastVLine(x0+x, y0-y, 2*y+1+delta, color);
drawFastVLine(x0+y, y0-x, 2*x+1+delta, color);
}
if (cornername & 0x2) {
drawFastVLine(x0-x, y0-y, 2*y+1+delta, color);
drawFastVLine(x0-y, y0-x, 2*x+1+delta, color);
}
}
}
// bresenham's algorithm - thx wikpedia
void Adafruit_GFX::drawLine(int16_t x0, int16_t y0,
int16_t x1, int16_t y1,
uint16_t color) {
int16_t steep = abs(y1 - y0) > abs(x1 - x0);
if (steep) {
swap(x0, y0);
swap(x1, y1);
}
if (x0 > x1) {
swap(x0, x1);
swap(y0, y1);
}
int16_t dx, dy;
dx = x1 - x0;
dy = abs(y1 - y0);
int16_t err = dx / 2;
int16_t ystep;
if (y0 < y1) {
ystep = 1;
} else {
ystep = -1;
}
for (; x0<=x1; x0++) {
if (steep) {
drawPixel(y0, x0, color);
} else {
drawPixel(x0, y0, color);
}
err -= dy;
if (err < 0) {
y0 += ystep;
err += dx;
}
}
}
// draw a rectangle
void Adafruit_GFX::drawRect(int16_t x, int16_t y,
int16_t w, int16_t h,
uint16_t color) {
drawFastHLine(x, y, w, color);
drawFastHLine(x, y+h-1, w, color);
drawFastVLine(x, y, h, color);
drawFastVLine(x+w-1, y, h, color);
}
void Adafruit_GFX::drawFastVLine(int16_t x, int16_t y,
int16_t h, uint16_t color) {
// stupidest version - update in subclasses if desired!
drawLine(x, y, x, y+h-1, color);
}
void Adafruit_GFX::drawFastHLine(int16_t x, int16_t y,
int16_t w, uint16_t color) {
// stupidest version - update in subclasses if desired!
drawLine(x, y, x+w-1, y, color);
}
void Adafruit_GFX::fillRect(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, int16_t h,
uint16_t color) {
// stupidest version - update in subclasses if desired!
for (int16_t i=x; i<x+w; i++) {
drawFastVLine(i, y, h, color);
}
}
void Adafruit_GFX::fillScreen(uint16_t color) {
fillRect(0, 0, _width, _height, color);
}
// draw a rounded rectangle!
void Adafruit_GFX::drawRoundRect(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w,
int16_t h, int16_t r, uint16_t color) {
// smarter version
drawFastHLine(x+r , y , w-2*r, color); // Top
drawFastHLine(x+r , y+h-1, w-2*r, color); // Bottom
drawFastVLine( x , y+r , h-2*r, color); // Left
drawFastVLine( x+w-1, y+r , h-2*r, color); // Right
// draw four corners
drawCircleHelper(x+r , y+r , r, 1, color);
drawCircleHelper(x+w-r-1, y+r , r, 2, color);
drawCircleHelper(x+w-r-1, y+h-r-1, r, 4, color);
drawCircleHelper(x+r , y+h-r-1, r, 8, color);
}
// fill a rounded rectangle!
void Adafruit_GFX::fillRoundRect(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w,
int16_t h, int16_t r, uint16_t color) {
// smarter version
fillRect(x+r, y, w-2*r, h, color);
// draw four corners
fillCircleHelper(x+w-r-1, y+r, r, 1, h-2*r-1, color);
fillCircleHelper(x+r , y+r, r, 2, h-2*r-1, color);
}
// draw a triangle!
void Adafruit_GFX::drawTriangle(int16_t x0, int16_t y0,
int16_t x1, int16_t y1,
int16_t x2, int16_t y2, uint16_t color) {
drawLine(x0, y0, x1, y1, color);
drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
drawLine(x2, y2, x0, y0, color);
}
// fill a triangle!
void Adafruit_GFX::fillTriangle ( int16_t x0, int16_t y0,
int16_t x1, int16_t y1,
int16_t x2, int16_t y2, uint16_t color) {
int16_t a, b, y, last;
// Sort coordinates by Y order (y2 >= y1 >= y0)
if (y0 > y1) {
swap(y0, y1); swap(x0, x1);
}
if (y1 > y2) {
swap(y2, y1); swap(x2, x1);
}
if (y0 > y1) {
swap(y0, y1); swap(x0, x1);
}
if(y0 == y2) { // Handle awkward all-on-same-line case as its own thing
a = b = x0;
if(x1 < a) a = x1;
else if(x1 > b) b = x1;
if(x2 < a) a = x2;
else if(x2 > b) b = x2;
drawFastHLine(a, y0, b-a+1, color);
return;
}
int16_t
dx01 = x1 - x0,
dy01 = y1 - y0,
dx02 = x2 - x0,
dy02 = y2 - y0,
dx12 = x2 - x1,
dy12 = y2 - y1,
sa = 0,
sb = 0;
// For upper part of triangle, find scanline crossings for segments
// 0-1 and 0-2. If y1=y2 (flat-bottomed triangle), the scanline y1
// is included here (and second loop will be skipped, avoiding a /0
// error there), otherwise scanline y1 is skipped here and handled
// in the second loop...which also avoids a /0 error here if y0=y1
// (flat-topped triangle).
if(y1 == y2) last = y1; // Include y1 scanline
else last = y1-1; // Skip it
for(y=y0; y<=last; y++) {
a = x0 + sa / dy01;
b = x0 + sb / dy02;
sa += dx01;
sb += dx02;
/* longhand:
a = x0 + (x1 - x0) * (y - y0) / (y1 - y0);
b = x0 + (x2 - x0) * (y - y0) / (y2 - y0);
*/
if(a > b) swap(a,b);
drawFastHLine(a, y, b-a+1, color);
}
// For lower part of triangle, find scanline crossings for segments
// 0-2 and 1-2. This loop is skipped if y1=y2.
sa = dx12 * (y - y1);
sb = dx02 * (y - y0);
for(; y<=y2; y++) {
a = x1 + sa / dy12;
b = x0 + sb / dy02;
sa += dx12;
sb += dx02;
/* longhand:
a = x1 + (x2 - x1) * (y - y1) / (y2 - y1);
b = x0 + (x2 - x0) * (y - y0) / (y2 - y0);
*/
if(a > b) swap(a,b);
drawFastHLine(a, y, b-a+1, color);
}
}
void Adafruit_GFX::drawBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y,
const uint8_t *bitmap, int16_t w, int16_t h,
uint16_t color) {
int16_t i, j, byteWidth = (w + 7) / 8;
for(j=0; j<h; j++) {
for(i=0; i<w; i++ ) {
if(pgm_read_byte(bitmap + j * byteWidth + i / 8) & (128 >> (i & 7))) {
drawPixel(x+i, y+j, color);
}
}
}
}
#if ARDUINO >= 100
size_t Adafruit_GFX::write(uint8_t c) {
#else
void Adafruit_GFX::write(uint8_t c) {
#endif
if (c == '\n') {
cursor_y += textsize*8;
cursor_x = 0;
} else if (c == '\r') {
// skip em
} else {
drawChar(cursor_x, cursor_y, c, textcolor, textbgcolor, textsize);
cursor_x += textsize*6;
if (wrap && (cursor_x > (_width - textsize*6))) {
cursor_y += textsize*8;
cursor_x = 0;
}
}
#if ARDUINO >= 100
return 1;
#endif
}
// draw a character
void Adafruit_GFX::drawChar(int16_t x, int16_t y, unsigned char c,
uint16_t color, uint16_t bg, uint8_t size) {
if((x >= _width) || // Clip right
(y >= _height) || // Clip bottom
((x + 5 * size - 1) < 0) || // Clip left
((y + 8 * size - 1) < 0)) // Clip top
return;
for (int8_t i=0; i<6; i++ ) {
uint8_t line;
if (i == 5)
line = 0x0;
else
line = pgm_read_byte(font+(c*5)+i);
for (int8_t j = 0; j<8; j++) {
if (line & 0x1) {
if (size == 1) // default size
drawPixel(x+i, y+j, color);
else { // big size
fillRect(x+(i*size), y+(j*size), size, size, color);
}
} else if (bg != color) {
if (size == 1) // default size
drawPixel(x+i, y+j, bg);
else { // big size
fillRect(x+i*size, y+j*size, size, size, bg);
}
}
line >>= 1;
}
}
}
void Adafruit_GFX::setCursor(int16_t x, int16_t y) {
cursor_x = x;
cursor_y = y;
}
void Adafruit_GFX::setTextSize(uint8_t s) {
textsize = (s > 0) ? s : 1;
}
void Adafruit_GFX::setTextColor(uint16_t c) {
textcolor = c;
textbgcolor = c;
// for 'transparent' background, we'll set the bg
// to the same as fg instead of using a flag
}
void Adafruit_GFX::setTextColor(uint16_t c, uint16_t b) {
textcolor = c;
textbgcolor = b;
}
void Adafruit_GFX::setTextWrap(boolean w) {
wrap = w;
}
uint8_t Adafruit_GFX::getRotation(void) {
rotation %= 4;
return rotation;
}
void Adafruit_GFX::setRotation(uint8_t x) {
x %= 4; // cant be higher than 3
rotation = x;
switch (x) {
case 0:
case 2:
_width = WIDTH;
_height = HEIGHT;
break;
case 1:
case 3:
_width = HEIGHT;
_height = WIDTH;
break;
}
}
void Adafruit_GFX::invertDisplay(boolean i) {
// do nothing, can be subclassed
}
// return the size of the display which depends on the rotation!
int16_t Adafruit_GFX::width(void) {
return _width;
}
int16_t Adafruit_GFX::height(void) {
return _height;
}
uint16_t Adafruit_GFX::newColor(uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b) {
return ((r & 0xF8) << 8) | ((g & 0xFC) << 3) | (b >> 3);
}
void Adafruit_GFX::background(uint8_t red, uint8_t green, uint8_t blue) {
background(newColor(red, green, blue));
}
void Adafruit_GFX::background(color c) {
fillScreen(c);
}
void Adafruit_GFX::stroke(uint8_t red, uint8_t green, uint8_t blue) {
stroke(newColor(red, green, blue));
}
void Adafruit_GFX::stroke(color c) {
useStroke = true;
strokeColor = c;
setTextColor(c);
}
void Adafruit_GFX::noStroke() {
useStroke = false;
}
void Adafruit_GFX::noFill() {
useFill = false;
}
void Adafruit_GFX::fill(uint8_t red, uint8_t green, uint8_t blue) {
fill(newColor(red, green, blue));
}
void Adafruit_GFX::fill(color c) {
useFill = true;
fillColor = c;
}
void Adafruit_GFX::text(const char * text, int16_t x, int16_t y) {
if (!useStroke)
return;
setTextWrap(false);
setTextColor(strokeColor);
setCursor(x, y);
print(text);
}
void Adafruit_GFX::textWrap(const char * text, int16_t x, int16_t y) {
if (!useStroke)
return;
setTextWrap(true);
setTextColor(strokeColor);
setCursor(x, y);
print(text);
}
void Adafruit_GFX::textSize(uint8_t size) {
setTextSize(size);
}
void Adafruit_GFX::point(int16_t x, int16_t y) {
if (!useStroke)
return;
drawPixel(x, y, strokeColor);
}
void Adafruit_GFX::line(int16_t x1, int16_t y1, int16_t x2, int16_t y2) {
if (!useStroke)
return;
if (x1 == x2) {
if (y1 < y2)
drawFastVLine(x1, y1, y2 - y1, strokeColor);
else
drawFastVLine(x1, y2, y1 - y2, strokeColor);
}
else if (y1 == y2) {
if (x1 < x2)
drawFastHLine(x1, y1, x2 - x1, strokeColor);
else
drawFastHLine(x2, y1, x1 - x2, strokeColor);
}
else {
drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, strokeColor);
}
}
void Adafruit_GFX::rect(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t width, int16_t height) {
if (useFill) {
fillRect(x, y, width, height, fillColor);
}
if (useStroke) {
drawRect(x, y, width, height, strokeColor);
}
}
void Adafruit_GFX::rect(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t width, int16_t height, int16_t radius) {
if (radius == 0) {
rect(x, y, width, height);
}
if (useFill) {
fillRoundRect(x, y, width, height, radius, fillColor);
}
if (useStroke) {
drawRoundRect(x, y, width, height, radius, strokeColor);
}
}
void Adafruit_GFX::circle(int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t r) {
if (r == 0)
return;
if (useFill) {
fillCircle(x, y, r, fillColor);
}
if (useStroke) {
drawCircle(x, y, r, strokeColor);
}
}
void Adafruit_GFX::triangle(int16_t x1, int16_t y1, int16_t x2, int16_t y2, int16_t x3, int16_t y3) {
if (useFill) {
fillTriangle(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, fillColor);
}
if (useStroke) {
drawTriangle(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, strokeColor);
}
}
#if defined(__SD_H__) // Arduino SD library
#define BUFFPIXEL 20
void Adafruit_GFX::image(PImage & img, uint16_t x, uint16_t y) {
int w, h, row, col;
uint8_t r, g, b;
uint32_t pos = 0;
uint8_t sdbuffer[3*BUFFPIXEL]; // pixel buffer (R+G+B per pixel)
uint8_t buffidx = sizeof(sdbuffer); // Current position in sdbuffer
// Crop area to be loaded
w = img._bmpWidth;
h = img._bmpHeight;
if((x+w-1) >= width()) w = width() - x;
if((y+h-1) >= height()) h = height() - y;
/*
// Set TFT address window to clipped image bounds
setAddrWindow(x, y, x+w-1, y+h-1);
*/
for (row=0; row<h; row++) { // For each scanline...
// Seek to start of scan line. It might seem labor-
// intensive to be doing this on every line, but this
// method covers a lot of gritty details like cropping
// and scanline padding. Also, the seek only takes
// place if the file position actually needs to change
// (avoids a lot of cluster math in SD library).
if(img._flip) // Bitmap is stored bottom-to-top order (normal BMP)
pos = img._bmpImageoffset + (img._bmpHeight - 1 - row) * img._rowSize;
else // Bitmap is stored top-to-bottom
pos = img._bmpImageoffset + row * img._rowSize;
if(img._bmpFile.position() != pos) { // Need seek?
img._bmpFile.seek(pos);
buffidx = sizeof(sdbuffer); // Force buffer reload
}
for (col=0; col<w; col++) { // For each pixel...
// Time to read more pixel data?
if (buffidx >= sizeof(sdbuffer)) { // Indeed
img._bmpFile.read(sdbuffer, sizeof(sdbuffer));
buffidx = 0; // Set index to beginning
}
// Convert pixel from BMP to TFT format, push to display
b = sdbuffer[buffidx++];
g = sdbuffer[buffidx++];
r = sdbuffer[buffidx++];
//pushColor(tft.Color565(r,g,b));
drawPixel(x + col, y + row, newColor(r, g, b));
} // end pixel
} // end scanline
}
#endif
