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00001 /*
00002 * Copied from OpenBSD project (src/lib/libm/src/s_erf.c)
00003 * Specialized for 32-bit little endian architectures.
00004 */
00005
00006 /* Real math libraries provide erf(), CUDA also provides an implementation. */
00007 #if defined(WIN32) && !defined(NAMD_CUDA)
00008
00009 /*
00010 * ====================================================
00011 * Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
00012 *
00013 * Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
00014 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
00015 * software is freely granted, provided that this notice
00016 * is preserved.
00017 * ====================================================
00018 */
00019
00020 /* double erf(double x)
00021 * double erfc(double x)
00022 * x
00023 * 2 |\
00024 * erf(x) = --------- | exp(-t*t)dt
00025 * sqrt(pi) \|
00026 * 0
00027 *
00028 * erfc(x) = 1-erf(x)
00029 * Note that
00030 * erf(-x) = -erf(x)
00031 * erfc(-x) = 2 - erfc(x)
00032 *
00033 * Method:
00034 * 1. For |x| in [0, 0.84375]
00035 * erf(x) = x + x*R(x^2)
00036 * erfc(x) = 1 - erf(x) if x in [-.84375,0.25]
00037 * = 0.5 + ((0.5-x)-x*R) if x in [0.25,0.84375]
00038 * where R = P/Q where P is an odd poly of degree 8 and
00039 * Q is an odd poly of degree 10.
00040 * -57.90
00041 * | R - (erf(x)-x)/x | <= 2
00042 *
00043 *
00044 * Remark. The formula is derived by noting
00045 * erf(x) = (2/sqrt(pi))*(x - x^3/3 + x^5/10 - x^7/42 + ....)
00046 * and that
00047 * 2/sqrt(pi) = 1.128379167095512573896158903121545171688
00048 * is close to one. The interval is chosen because the fix
00049 * point of erf(x) is near 0.6174 (i.e., erf(x)=x when x is
00050 * near 0.6174), and by some experiment, 0.84375 is chosen to
00051 * guarantee the error is less than one ulp for erf.
00052 *
00053 * 2. For |x| in [0.84375,1.25], let s = |x| - 1, and
00054 * c = 0.84506291151 rounded to single (24 bits)
00055 * erf(x) = sign(x) * (c + P1(s)/Q1(s))
00056 * erfc(x) = (1-c) - P1(s)/Q1(s) if x > 0
00057 * 1+(c+P1(s)/Q1(s)) if x < 0
00058 * |P1/Q1 - (erf(|x|)-c)| <= 2**-59.06
00059 * Remark: here we use the taylor series expansion at x=1.
00060 * erf(1+s) = erf(1) + s*Poly(s)
00061 * = 0.845.. + P1(s)/Q1(s)
00062 * That is, we use rational approximation to approximate
00063 * erf(1+s) - (c = (single)0.84506291151)
00064 * Note that |P1/Q1|< 0.078 for x in [0.84375,1.25]
00065 * where
00066 * P1(s) = degree 6 poly in s
00067 * Q1(s) = degree 6 poly in s
00068 *
00069 * 3. For x in [1.25,1/0.35(~2.857143)],
00070 * erfc(x) = (1/x)*exp(-x*x-0.5625+R1/S1)
00071 * erf(x) = 1 - erfc(x)
00072 * where
00073 * R1(z) = degree 7 poly in z, (z=1/x^2)
00074 * S1(z) = degree 8 poly in z
00075 *
00076 * 4. For x in [1/0.35,28]
00077 * erfc(x) = (1/x)*exp(-x*x-0.5625+R2/S2) if x > 0
00078 * = 2.0 - (1/x)*exp(-x*x-0.5625+R2/S2) if -6<x<0
00079 * = 2.0 - tiny (if x <= -6)
00080 * erf(x) = sign(x)*(1.0 - erfc(x)) if x < 6, else
00081 * erf(x) = sign(x)*(1.0 - tiny)
00082 * where
00083 * R2(z) = degree 6 poly in z, (z=1/x^2)
00084 * S2(z) = degree 7 poly in z
00085 *
00086 * Note1:
00087 * To compute exp(-x*x-0.5625+R/S), let s be a single
00088 * precision number and s := x; then
00089 * -x*x = -s*s + (s-x)*(s+x)
00090 * exp(-x*x-0.5626+R/S) =
00091 * exp(-s*s-0.5625)*exp((s-x)*(s+x)+R/S);
00092 * Note2:
00093 * Here 4 and 5 make use of the asymptotic series
00094 * exp(-x*x)
00095 * erfc(x) ~ ---------- * ( 1 + Poly(1/x^2) )
00096 * x*sqrt(pi)
00097 * We use rational approximation to approximate
00098 * g(s)=f(1/x^2) = log(erfc(x)*x) - x*x + 0.5625
00099 * Here is the error bound for R1/S1 and R2/S2
00100 * |R1/S1 - f(x)| < 2**(-62.57)
00101 * |R2/S2 - f(x)| < 2**(-61.52)
00102 *
00103 * 5. For inf > x >= 28
00104 * erf(x) = sign(x) *(1 - tiny) (raise inexact)
00105 * erfc(x) = tiny*tiny (raise underflow) if x > 0
00106 * = 2 - tiny if x<0
00107 *
00108 * 7. Special case:
00109 * erf(0) = 0, erf(inf) = 1, erf(-inf) = -1,
00110 * erfc(0) = 1, erfc(inf) = 0, erfc(-inf) = 2,
00111 * erfc/erf(NaN) is NaN
00112 */
00113
00114 #include <math.h>
00115
00116 extern "C" {
00117
00118 /* assume 32 bit int */
00119
00120 typedef int int32_t;
00121 typedef unsigned int u_int32_t;
00122
00123 /* assume little endian */
00124 typedef union
00125 {
00126 double value;
00127 struct
00128 {
00129 u_int32_t lsw;
00130 u_int32_t msw;
00131 } parts;
00132 } ieee_double_shape_type;
00133
00134
00135 /* Get the more significant 32 bit int from a double. */
00136
00137 #define GET_HIGH_WORD(i,d) \
00138 do { \
00139 ieee_double_shape_type gh_u; \
00140 gh_u.value = (d); \
00141 (i) = gh_u.parts.msw; \
00142 } while (0)
00143
00144
00145 /* Set the less significant 32 bits of a double from an int. */
00146
00147 #define SET_LOW_WORD(d,v) \
00148 do { \
00149 ieee_double_shape_type sl_u; \
00150 sl_u.value = (d); \
00151 sl_u.parts.lsw = (v); \
00152 (d) = sl_u.value; \
00153 } while (0)
00154
00155
00156 /* Eliminate reference to internal OpenBSD call */
00157
00158 #define __ieee754_exp(X) exp(X)
00159
00160
00161 static const double
00162 tiny = 1e-300,
00163 half= 5.00000000000000000000e-01, /* 0x3FE00000, 0x00000000 */
00164 one = 1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */
00165 two = 2.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x40000000, 0x00000000 */
00166 /* c = (float)0.84506291151 */
00167 erx = 8.45062911510467529297e-01, /* 0x3FEB0AC1, 0x60000000 */
00168 /*
00169 * Coefficients for approximation to erf on [0,0.84375]
00170 */
00171 efx = 1.28379167095512586316e-01, /* 0x3FC06EBA, 0x8214DB69 */
00172 efx8= 1.02703333676410069053e+00, /* 0x3FF06EBA, 0x8214DB69 */
00173 pp0 = 1.28379167095512558561e-01, /* 0x3FC06EBA, 0x8214DB68 */
00174 pp1 = -3.25042107247001499370e-01, /* 0xBFD4CD7D, 0x691CB913 */
00175 pp2 = -2.84817495755985104766e-02, /* 0xBF9D2A51, 0xDBD7194F */
00176 pp3 = -5.77027029648944159157e-03, /* 0xBF77A291, 0x236668E4 */
00177 pp4 = -2.37630166566501626084e-05, /* 0xBEF8EAD6, 0x120016AC */
00178 qq1 = 3.97917223959155352819e-01, /* 0x3FD97779, 0xCDDADC09 */
00179 qq2 = 6.50222499887672944485e-02, /* 0x3FB0A54C, 0x5536CEBA */
00180 qq3 = 5.08130628187576562776e-03, /* 0x3F74D022, 0xC4D36B0F */
00181 qq4 = 1.32494738004321644526e-04, /* 0x3F215DC9, 0x221C1A10 */
00182 qq5 = -3.96022827877536812320e-06, /* 0xBED09C43, 0x42A26120 */
00183 /*
00184 * Coefficients for approximation to erf in [0.84375,1.25]
00185 */
00186 pa0 = -2.36211856075265944077e-03, /* 0xBF6359B8, 0xBEF77538 */
00187 pa1 = 4.14856118683748331666e-01, /* 0x3FDA8D00, 0xAD92B34D */
00188 pa2 = -3.72207876035701323847e-01, /* 0xBFD7D240, 0xFBB8C3F1 */
00189 pa3 = 3.18346619901161753674e-01, /* 0x3FD45FCA, 0x805120E4 */
00190 pa4 = -1.10894694282396677476e-01, /* 0xBFBC6398, 0x3D3E28EC */
00191 pa5 = 3.54783043256182359371e-02, /* 0x3FA22A36, 0x599795EB */
00192 pa6 = -2.16637559486879084300e-03, /* 0xBF61BF38, 0x0A96073F */
00193 qa1 = 1.06420880400844228286e-01, /* 0x3FBB3E66, 0x18EEE323 */
00194 qa2 = 5.40397917702171048937e-01, /* 0x3FE14AF0, 0x92EB6F33 */
00195 qa3 = 7.18286544141962662868e-02, /* 0x3FB2635C, 0xD99FE9A7 */
00196 qa4 = 1.26171219808761642112e-01, /* 0x3FC02660, 0xE763351F */
00197 qa5 = 1.36370839120290507362e-02, /* 0x3F8BEDC2, 0x6B51DD1C */
00198 qa6 = 1.19844998467991074170e-02, /* 0x3F888B54, 0x5735151D */
00199 /*
00200 * Coefficients for approximation to erfc in [1.25,1/0.35]
00201 */
00202 ra0 = -9.86494403484714822705e-03, /* 0xBF843412, 0x600D6435 */
00203 ra1 = -6.93858572707181764372e-01, /* 0xBFE63416, 0xE4BA7360 */
00204 ra2 = -1.05586262253232909814e+01, /* 0xC0251E04, 0x41B0E726 */
00205 ra3 = -6.23753324503260060396e+01, /* 0xC04F300A, 0xE4CBA38D */
00206 ra4 = -1.62396669462573470355e+02, /* 0xC0644CB1, 0x84282266 */
00207 ra5 = -1.84605092906711035994e+02, /* 0xC067135C, 0xEBCCABB2 */
00208 ra6 = -8.12874355063065934246e+01, /* 0xC0545265, 0x57E4D2F2 */
00209 ra7 = -9.81432934416914548592e+00, /* 0xC023A0EF, 0xC69AC25C */
00210 sa1 = 1.96512716674392571292e+01, /* 0x4033A6B9, 0xBD707687 */
00211 sa2 = 1.37657754143519042600e+02, /* 0x4061350C, 0x526AE721 */
00212 sa3 = 4.34565877475229228821e+02, /* 0x407B290D, 0xD58A1A71 */
00213 sa4 = 6.45387271733267880336e+02, /* 0x40842B19, 0x21EC2868 */
00214 sa5 = 4.29008140027567833386e+02, /* 0x407AD021, 0x57700314 */
00215 sa6 = 1.08635005541779435134e+02, /* 0x405B28A3, 0xEE48AE2C */
00216 sa7 = 6.57024977031928170135e+00, /* 0x401A47EF, 0x8E484A93 */
00217 sa8 = -6.04244152148580987438e-02, /* 0xBFAEEFF2, 0xEE749A62 */
00218 /*
00219 * Coefficients for approximation to erfc in [1/.35,28]
00220 */
00221 rb0 = -9.86494292470009928597e-03, /* 0xBF843412, 0x39E86F4A */
00222 rb1 = -7.99283237680523006574e-01, /* 0xBFE993BA, 0x70C285DE */
00223 rb2 = -1.77579549177547519889e+01, /* 0xC031C209, 0x555F995A */
00224 rb3 = -1.60636384855821916062e+02, /* 0xC064145D, 0x43C5ED98 */
00225 rb4 = -6.37566443368389627722e+02, /* 0xC083EC88, 0x1375F228 */
00226 rb5 = -1.02509513161107724954e+03, /* 0xC0900461, 0x6A2E5992 */
00227 rb6 = -4.83519191608651397019e+02, /* 0xC07E384E, 0x9BDC383F */
00228 sb1 = 3.03380607434824582924e+01, /* 0x403E568B, 0x261D5190 */
00229 sb2 = 3.25792512996573918826e+02, /* 0x40745CAE, 0x221B9F0A */
00230 sb3 = 1.53672958608443695994e+03, /* 0x409802EB, 0x189D5118 */
00231 sb4 = 3.19985821950859553908e+03, /* 0x40A8FFB7, 0x688C246A */
00232 sb5 = 2.55305040643316442583e+03, /* 0x40A3F219, 0xCEDF3BE6 */
00233 sb6 = 4.74528541206955367215e+02, /* 0x407DA874, 0xE79FE763 */
00234 sb7 = -2.24409524465858183362e+01; /* 0xC03670E2, 0x42712D62 */
00235
00236 double erf(double x)
00237 {
00238 int32_t hx,ix,i;
00239 double R,S,P,Q,s,y,z,r;
00240 GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
00241 ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
00242 if(ix>=0x7ff00000) { /* erf(nan)=nan */
00243 i = ((u_int32_t)hx>>31)<<1;
00244 return (double)(1-i)+one/x; /* erf(+-inf)=+-1 */
00245 }
00246
00247 if(ix < 0x3feb0000) { /* |x|<0.84375 */
00248 if(ix < 0x3e300000) { /* |x|<2**-28 */
00249 if (ix < 0x00800000)
00250 return 0.125*(8.0*x+efx8*x); /*avoid underflow */
00251 return x + efx*x;
00252 }
00253 z = x*x;
00254 r = pp0+z*(pp1+z*(pp2+z*(pp3+z*pp4)));
00255 s = one+z*(qq1+z*(qq2+z*(qq3+z*(qq4+z*qq5))));
00256 y = r/s;
00257 return x + x*y;
00258 }
00259 if(ix < 0x3ff40000) { /* 0.84375 <= |x| < 1.25 */
00260 s = fabs(x)-one;
00261 P = pa0+s*(pa1+s*(pa2+s*(pa3+s*(pa4+s*(pa5+s*pa6)))));
00262 Q = one+s*(qa1+s*(qa2+s*(qa3+s*(qa4+s*(qa5+s*qa6)))));
00263 if(hx>=0) return erx + P/Q; else return -erx - P/Q;
00264 }
00265 if (ix >= 0x40180000) { /* inf>|x|>=6 */
00266 if(hx>=0) return one-tiny; else return tiny-one;
00267 }
00268 x = fabs(x);
00269 s = one/(x*x);
00270 if(ix< 0x4006DB6E) { /* |x| < 1/0.35 */
00271 R=ra0+s*(ra1+s*(ra2+s*(ra3+s*(ra4+s*(
00272 ra5+s*(ra6+s*ra7))))));
00273 S=one+s*(sa1+s*(sa2+s*(sa3+s*(sa4+s*(
00274 sa5+s*(sa6+s*(sa7+s*sa8)))))));
00275 } else { /* |x| >= 1/0.35 */
00276 R=rb0+s*(rb1+s*(rb2+s*(rb3+s*(rb4+s*(
00277 rb5+s*rb6)))));
00278 S=one+s*(sb1+s*(sb2+s*(sb3+s*(sb4+s*(
00279 sb5+s*(sb6+s*sb7))))));
00280 }
00281 z = x;
00282 SET_LOW_WORD(z,0);
00283 r = __ieee754_exp(-z*z-0.5625)*__ieee754_exp((z-x)*(z+x)+R/S);
00284 if(hx>=0) return one-r/x; else return r/x-one;
00285 }
00286
00287 double erfc(double x)
00288 {
00289 int32_t hx,ix;
00290 double R,S,P,Q,s,y,z,r;
00291 GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
00292 ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
00293 if(ix>=0x7ff00000) { /* erfc(nan)=nan */
00294 /* erfc(+-inf)=0,2 */
00295 return (double)(((u_int32_t)hx>>31)<<1)+one/x;
00296 }
00297
00298 if(ix < 0x3feb0000) { /* |x|<0.84375 */
00299 if(ix < 0x3c700000) /* |x|<2**-56 */
00300 return one-x;
00301 z = x*x;
00302 r = pp0+z*(pp1+z*(pp2+z*(pp3+z*pp4)));
00303 s = one+z*(qq1+z*(qq2+z*(qq3+z*(qq4+z*qq5))));
00304 y = r/s;
00305 if(hx < 0x3fd00000) { /* x<1/4 */
00306 return one-(x+x*y);
00307 } else {
00308 r = x*y;
00309 r += (x-half);
00310 return half - r ;
00311 }
00312 }
00313 if(ix < 0x3ff40000) { /* 0.84375 <= |x| < 1.25 */
00314 s = fabs(x)-one;
00315 P = pa0+s*(pa1+s*(pa2+s*(pa3+s*(pa4+s*(pa5+s*pa6)))));
00316 Q = one+s*(qa1+s*(qa2+s*(qa3+s*(qa4+s*(qa5+s*qa6)))));
00317 if(hx>=0) {
00318 z = one-erx; return z - P/Q;
00319 } else {
00320 z = erx+P/Q; return one+z;
00321 }
00322 }
00323 if (ix < 0x403c0000) { /* |x|<28 */
00324 x = fabs(x);
00325 s = one/(x*x);
00326 if(ix< 0x4006DB6D) { /* |x| < 1/.35 ~ 2.857143*/
00327 R=ra0+s*(ra1+s*(ra2+s*(ra3+s*(ra4+s*(
00328 ra5+s*(ra6+s*ra7))))));
00329 S=one+s*(sa1+s*(sa2+s*(sa3+s*(sa4+s*(
00330 sa5+s*(sa6+s*(sa7+s*sa8)))))));
00331 } else { /* |x| >= 1/.35 ~ 2.857143 */
00332 if(hx<0&&ix>=0x40180000) return two-tiny;/* x < -6 */
00333 R=rb0+s*(rb1+s*(rb2+s*(rb3+s*(rb4+s*(
00334 rb5+s*rb6)))));
00335 S=one+s*(sb1+s*(sb2+s*(sb3+s*(sb4+s*(
00336 sb5+s*(sb6+s*sb7))))));
00337 }
00338 z = x;
00339 SET_LOW_WORD(z,0);
00340 r = __ieee754_exp(-z*z-0.5625)*
00341 __ieee754_exp((z-x)*(z+x)+R/S);
00342 if(hx>0) return r/x; else return two-r/x;
00343 } else {
00344 if(hx>0) return tiny*tiny; else return two-tiny;
00345 }
00346 }
00347
00348 }
00349
00350 #else /* WIN32 */
00351
00352 int dummy_erf(int i) { return i; } /* avoid empty translation unit */
00353
00354 #endif /* WIN32 */
00355
No veo la necesidad del código, está ya programado en la librería estandar.
Si programas la función error para adaptarla y conseguir diferentes distribuciones de probabilidad, vendría bien ese el aporte al foro.
Un saludo.